I strongly suspect that whatever the “books” say, the costs of Penn State’s continued maintenance and operation of nearly 20 branch campuses, and all of their requisite chancellors, administrations, physical plants, etc. are a major, major, major money loser.
Edit: that’s on top of the operation of two separate law schools and the other “special mission” campuses - I suspect that the med school makes money given the biomed research dollars that it brings in, but I don’t know enough about Penn Tech in Williamsport or the grad school in the Philly area to say. I can say with a relatively high degree of confidence that the two law schools are likely not profitable.
Which leads to an interesting (at least I think so) question: do unabsorbed costs of one division leak into others e.g. is undergrad tuition at, say, University Park subsidizing Dickinson Law? I'd like to say "no" but I couldn't with any degree of confidence.